What I'm Reading: The Art of X-Ray Reading

Writers are readers, right?

They have to be, and the author of the book, The Art of X-Ray Reading: How the Secrets of 25 Great Works of Literature Will Improve Your Writing, does an amazing job of showing the fruits we enjoy when we read very closely.

Roy Peter Clark examines work by James Joyce, William Butler Yeats, Zora Neale Hurston and Joan Didion, among others. Not summaries, not book reports but a deep examination of word choice, and how authors "create" meaning through the particular order of words.

Much of it is work I've read but perhaps not in this way or with the particular lens he employs. And besides, a short story like Joyce's "The Dead" is ripe for re-reading, savoring, deciphering, dissecting, all of which you'll find in the chapter dedicated to Joyce. As you can imagine, he examines the final lines of the story where words are repeated and he talks about the deft use of repetition here -- in other contexts, it could be something to avoid but the conscious re-use of particular words underscores the paralysis experienced by the protagonist, Gabriel Conroy.

In the back, Clark compiled a list of a long list of great sentences from a wide variety of works.

I actually read this book in 2025. I've been meaning to finish this post for a while but other commitments came first.

Before I conclude, let me say something about one section that I especially recommend: his analysis of the Yeats' poem, "The Second Coming." I've published the first stanza in another blogpost but it's worth reproducing it again in part, especially in light of the author's focus on the word gyre, which he says is an unusual word:

Turning and turning in the widening gyre//The falcon cannot hear the falconer;

Clark gets into the nitty gritty of the word's Greek origins, offers synonyms (vortex, maelstrom) and also notes it comes at the end of a sentence that begins with the repetition of a present participle -- unusual. A poem written to reflect a period of political turbulence, completely embodied in one word.

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